Lyceum, an Iranian hacking group is targeting telecoms in Africa - NCC

The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has reported that Lyceum, an Iranian hacking group is targeting telecoms, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and Ministries of Foreign Affairs (MFA) in Africa "with upgraded malware in a recent politically motivated attacks oriented in cyberespionage".

The Nigerian Computer Emergency Response Team (ngCERT) rated the probability and damage level of the new malware as high.

Previously, Lyceum [also known as Hexane, Siamesekitten, or Spirlin] has been linked to campaigns that hit Middle Eastern oil and gas companies. Now, the group appears to have expanded its focus to the technology sector. In addition, the group is responsible for a campaign against an unnamed African government's Ministry of Foreign Affairs

In an advisory issued by the ngCERT, Lyceum was implicated in attacks against ISPs and telecoms organizations in Isreal, Morocco, Tunisia and Saudi Arabia between July and October 2021.  

By the attackers' mode of operation, Lyceum's initial onslaught vectors include credential stuffing and brute-force attacks. So, once a victim’s system is compromised, the attackers conduct surveillance on specific targets. In that mode, Lyceum will attempt to deploy two different kinds of malware — Shark and Milan (known together as James).

Dr Ikechukwu Adinde, the Director, Public Affairs at the NCC said, "both malware are backdoors. Shark, a 32-bit executable written in C# and .NET, generates a configuration file for domain name system (DNS) tunneling or Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) C2 communications; whereas Milan - a 32-bit Remote Access Trojan (RAT) retrieves data".

"Both are able to communicate with the group’s command-and-control (C2) servers. The APT maintains a C2 server network that connects to the group's backdoors, consisting of over 20 domains, including six that were previously not associated with the threat actors", Dr Adinde said.

According to reports, individual accounts at companies of interest are usually targeted, and then once these accounts are breached, they are used as a springboard to launch spear-phishing attacks against high-profile executives in an organization. The report suggests that not only do these attackers seek out data on subscribers and connected third-party companies, but once compromised, threat actors or their sponsors can also use these industries to surveil individuals of interest.

However, to guard against this kind of threats, the NCC wishes to re-echo ngCERT reports that multiple layers of security in addition to constant network monitoring is required by telecom companies and ISPs alike to stave off potential attacks.

How to stay safe from hacking groups

1. Ensure the consistent use of firewalls (software, hardware and cloud firewalls).

2. Enable a Web Application Firewall to help detect and prevent attacks coming from web applications by inspecting HTTP traffic.

3. Install Up-to-date antivirus programmes to help detect and prevent a wide range of malware, trojans, and viruses, which APT hackers will use to exploit your system.

4. Implement the use of Intrusion Prevention Systems that monitors your network.

5. Create a secure sandboxing environment that allows you to open and run untrusted programs or codes without risking harm to your operating system.

6. Ensure the use of virtual private network (VPN) to prevent an easy opportunity for APT hackers to gain initial access to your company’s network.

7. Enable spam and malware protection for your email applications, and educate your employees on how to identify potentially malicious emails.

For further technical assistance, contact ngCERT on [email protected].